Compound, organic electroluminescence device material, organic electroluminescence device and electronic device

ABSTRACT

A compound is represented by a formula (1) below. In the formula (1), X 1  to X 8  each independently represent a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the following formula (20), CR X  or a nitrogen atom. At least one of X 1  to X 8  is a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the following formula (2). R X  is each independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, or the like.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION

The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-201028, filed Sep. 12, 2012, is expressly incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD

Embodiment(s) described herein relate generally to a new compound, an organic-electroluminescence-device material, an organic electroluminescence device and an electronic device.

BACKGROUND

An organic electroluminescence device (hereinafter, occasionally abbreviated as an organic EL device) using an organic substance is highly expected to be used as a device for a full color display having a large area in a form of a low-cost solid-emitting device, so that the organic electroluminescence device has been variously developed.

A typical organic EL device is configured to include a pair of opposing electrodes and an emitting layer interposed between the pair of opposing electrodes. When an electric field is applied between both of the electrodes, electrons are injected from the cathode and holes are injected from the anode. The injected electrons and holes are recombined in the emitting layer to form excitons. When the excited state is returned to the ground state, energy is radiated as light. The organic EL device emits light according to this principle.

A typical organic EL device requires a drive voltage higher than that for an inorganic light-emitting diode. Properties of the typical organic EL device are also significantly deteriorated, so that the typical organic EL device is in no practical use. Although organic EL devices have been gradually improved recently, further lowering of the voltage is demanded.

Patent Literature 1 (U.S. Pat. No. 5,645,948) discloses an organic EL device including a benzazole compound. Moreover, Patent Literature 2 (JP-A-2010-34548) and Patent Literature 3 (International Publication No. 2006/128800) also disclose organic EL devices.

However, demanded is an organic EL device driven by a voltage further lower than that of the organic EL device using a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative disclosed in Patent Literature 1.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A compound according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention is represented by the following formula (1).

In the formula (1), X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the following formula (2), CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom. At least one of X¹ to X⁸ is a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the following formula (2).

R^(X) is each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

Among X¹ to X⁸, adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.

In the formula (2): b is an integer of 1 to 5; c is an integer of 1 to 8; and Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom. When b is 2 to 5, Z are mutually the same or different. When Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom. R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). R⁹ and R¹⁰ may be bonded to the structure represented by the formula (1). However, when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are not bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.

L is selected from a single bond or a linking group.

The linking group represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

The polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L in the formula (2) includes a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from a phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1). When c is 2 to 8, L are mutually the same or different.

Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L.

R^(Y) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). The heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for R^(Y) includes a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1). Adjacent R^(Y) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.

When X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), b is 1, Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and c is 2, L closer to the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1) among two L is a divalent group other than an anthracene group.

When two of X¹ to X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), b and c are 1, both of Z are sulfur atoms, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, L is bonded to any one of X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸.

When X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, R^(Y) for Y⁴ is a group other than a phenyl group.

When X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y⁶ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, R^(Y) for Y⁵ is a group other than a phenyl group.

When X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), Z is a silicon atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and R^(Y) for Y⁶ is bonded to the phenanthrolyl group (heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms) with a single bond, the phenanthrolyl group is bonded to R^(Y) for Y⁶ at a position other than a position 2.

When X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), Y² is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, R^(Y) for Y⁷ is a group other than a pyrenyl group.

When X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), Y⁷ is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, R^(Y) for Y² is a group other than a pyrenyl group.

An organic electroluminescence device according to another aspect of the invention includes: an anode; a cathode opposed to the anode; and an organic compound layer provided between the anode and the cathode, in which the organic compound layer includes an emitting layer and an electron transporting layer provided to the emitting layer closer to the cathode, and

the electron transporting layer comprises a compound represented by the following formula (10).

In the formula (10), X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the following formula (20), CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom. At least one of X¹ to X⁸ is a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the following formula (2).

R^(X) is each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group; a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

Among X¹ to X⁸, adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.]

In the formula (20): b is an integer of 1 to 5; c is an integer of 1 to 8; and Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom. When b is 2 to 5, Z are mutually the same or different. When Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent the same as R^(X) in the formula (10), and R⁹ and R¹⁰ are optionally bonded to the structure represented by the formula (10).

L is selected from a single bond or a linking group.

The linking group represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

The polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L in the formula (20) comprises a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from a phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). When c is 2 to 8, L are mutually the same or different.

Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L.

R^(Y) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (10), and the heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for R^(Y) comprises a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). Adjacent R^(Y) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be described below in detail.

Compound

A compound according to the exemplary embodiment is represented by the following formula (1).

In the formula (1), X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the following formula (2), CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom. In the formula (1), at least one of X¹ to X⁸ is a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the following formula (2). In the formula (1): R^(X) is each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms. Among X¹ to X⁸ in the formula (1), adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other. For instance, R^(X) of CR^(X) for X¹ may be bonded to R^(X) of CR^(X) for X² adjacent to X¹ to form a saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure.

In the formula (2), b is an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 1 to 2.

In the formula (2), c is an integer of 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 5, more preferably 1 to 3.

In the formula (2), Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom. In the formula (2), when b is 2 to 5, Z are mutually the same or different. In the formula (2), when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom. R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). R⁹ and R¹⁰ may be bonded to the structure represented by the formula (1). However, when Z is a silicon atom in the formula (2), R⁹ and R¹⁰ are not bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure.

In the formula (2), L is selected from a single bond or a linking group. The linking group represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms. The polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L in the formula (2) includes a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from a phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1). “Polyvalent” means having valence of 2 or more. In the formula (2), when c is 2 to 8, Z are mutually the same or different. L is preferably a single bond or phenylene, more preferably phenylene rather than a single bond.

In the formula (2), Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L. Y⁴ and Y⁵ are preferably a carbon atom bonded to L. Alternatively, Y² and Y⁷ are preferably a carbon atom bonded to L.

R^(Y) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). The heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for R^(Y) includes a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1). In the formula (2), adjacent R^(Y) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.

An instance where a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1) is included in L of the formula (2) is represented by the following formula (2-1). In the following formula (2-1), A1 schematically shows the structure represented by the formula (1).

In the above formula (2-1), cx is an integer of 0 to 7, cy is an integer of 0 to 7, and 0≦cx+cy≦7. In the formula (2-1), L₁ and L₂ each independently represent the same as L in the formula (2). In the formula (2-1), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, b and X¹ to X⁸ in A1 each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y⁸, Z and b in the formulae (1) and (2).

For instance, the following formula (1-1) represents a case where R^(Y) of CR^(Y) in the formula (2) is a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1). In the following formula (1-1), A2 and A3 each independently schematically show the structure represented by the formula (1).

In the formula (1-1), c₁ is an integer of 1 to 8 and c₂ is an integer of 1 to 8. In the formula (1-1), L₁ and L₂ each independently represent the same as L in the formula (2). In the formula (1-1), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, b and X¹ to X⁸ in A2 and A3 each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y⁸, Z and b in the formulae (1) and (2).

Moreover, an instance where a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1) is included in L of the formula (2) and R^(Y) of CR^(Y) in the formula (2) is a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1) is represented, for instance, by the following formula (1-2). In the following formula (1-2), A1, A2 and A3 each independently schematically show the structure represented by the formula (1).

In the formula (1-2), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L₁ to L₃, b, cx, cy, c₁ and X¹ to X⁸ in A1, A2 and A3 each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L₁ to L₃, b, cx, cy and c₁ in the formulae (1), (2), (1-1) and (2-1).

In the formula (1), as an example of a case where two or more carbon atoms of X¹ to X⁸ are bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), an instance where two carbon atoms of X¹ to X⁸ are bonded to the group represented by the formula (2) is represented by the following formula (1-3). In the following formula (1-3), A1 schematically shows the structure represented by the formula (1).

In the formula (1-3), Y⁹ to Y¹⁶ each independently represent the same as Y¹ to Y⁸ in the formula (2). In the formula (1-3), L₁ and L₂ each independently represent the same as L in the formula (2). In the formula (1-3), b₁ and b₂ are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and c₁ and c₂ are each independently an integer of 1 to 8. In the formula (1-3), Z¹ and Z² each independently represent the same as Z in the formula (2). In the formula (1-3), Y¹ to Y⁸ and X¹ to X⁸ in A1 each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸ and Y¹ to Y⁸ in the formulae (1) and (2).

When X¹ or X⁸ in the formula (1) is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2) and, in the formula (2), b is 1, Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and c is 2, L closer to the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (1) among two L is a divalent group other than an anthracene group. Specifically, when the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (1-x) in which two L are defined as L₁ and L₂, X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to L₂, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁, L₂ closer to the phenanthrorine ring is selected from a single bond or a linking group. The linking group represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms (other than a divalent anthracene group), or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms. In the following formula (1-x), L₁ represents the same as L in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-x), X¹ to X⁸ and Y¹ to Y⁸ each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸ and Y¹ to Y⁸ in the formulae (1) and (2).

When two of X¹ to X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by the formula (1), b and c are 1, both of Z are sulfur atoms, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, L is bonded to any one of X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸.

In other words, when the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (1-4), A1 in the following formula (1-4) schematically shows the structure represented by the formula (1). In the following formula (1-4), X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸ and Y¹ to Y⁸ in A1 each represent the same as X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸ and Y¹ to Y⁸ in the formulae (1) and (2). In the following formula (1-4), Y⁹ to Y¹⁶ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L. In the following formula (1-4), R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-4), when Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to a p-phenylene group as L and Y¹² or Y¹³ is a carbon atom bonded to a p-phenylene group as the other L, X³ and X⁶ in A1 is a nitrogen atom or CR^(X).

When X¹ or X⁸ in the formula (1) is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2) and, in the formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, R^(Y) for Y⁴ is a group other than a phenyl group.

When X¹ or X⁸ in the formula (1) is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2) and, in the formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y⁶ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, R^(Y) for Y⁵ is a group other than a phenyl group.

In other words, when the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (1-5-1), Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to a p-phenylene group as L, and Y⁴ is CR^(Y) in the formula (2), in which R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). However, R^(Y) is a group other than a phenyl group. In the following formula (1-5-1), Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. In the following formula (1-5-1), Y¹ to Y², Y³ to Y⁸ and X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y² and Y³ to Y⁸ in the formulae (1) and (2).

When the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (1-5-2), Y⁶ is a carbon atom bonded to a p-phenylene group as L and Y⁵ is CR^(Y) in the formula (2), in which R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). However, R^(Y) is a group other than a phenyl group. In the following formula (1-5-2), Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom. In the following formula (1-5-2), Y¹ to Y⁴, Y⁷ to Y⁸ and X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y⁴ and Y⁷ to Y⁸ in the formulae (1) and (2).

In the formula (1), when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2) and, in the formula (2), Z is a silicon atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, R^(Y) for Y⁶ is bonded to the phenanthrolyl group (heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms) with a single bond, the phenanthrolyl group is bonded to R^(Y) for Y⁶ at a position other than a position 2.

In other words, when the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (1-6), Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to X¹ or X⁸, Y⁶ is CR^(Y) in the formula (2), in which R^(Y) is the phenanthrolyl group (phenanthrolyl group shown on the left in the following formula (1-6)) as a heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms, and any one of X¹⁰ to X¹⁵ is bonded to a carbon atom (C) of Y⁶. In the following formula (1-6), the rest of X¹ to X¹⁶ being a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2) is CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-6), Y¹, Y², Y⁴, Y⁵, Y⁷, Y⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent the same as Y¹, Y², Y⁴, Y⁵, Y⁷, Y⁸, R⁹ and R¹⁰ in the formula (2).

In the formula (1), when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), Y² is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, R^(Y) for Y⁷ is a group other than a pyrenyl group.

Alternatively, in the formula (1), when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), Y⁷ is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, R^(Y) for Y² is a group other than a pyrenyl group.

In other words, when the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (1-xx-1), Y² of the formula (2) is a carbon atom bonded to X⁴ or X⁵, Y⁷ is CR^(Y) in which R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). However, R^(Y) is a group other than a pyrenyl group. In the following formula (1-xx-1), Y¹, Y⁴ to Y⁶, Y⁸ and X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹, Y⁴ to Y⁶ and Y⁸ in the formulae (1) and (2).

When the compound represented by the formula (1) is represented by the following formula (1 xx 2), Y⁷ of the formula (2) is a carbon atom bonded to X⁴ or X⁵, Y² is CR^(Y) in which R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). However, R′ is a group other than a pyrenyl group. In the following formula (1 xx-2), Y¹, Y³ to Y⁴, Y⁵, Y⁸ and X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹, Y³ to Y⁴, Y⁵ and Y⁸ in the formulae (1) and (2).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X¹ or X⁸ in the formula (1) is preferably a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-7).

In the following formula (1-7), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and c each represent the same as Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and c in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-7), X² to X⁸ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1).

Unlike in the formula (1-7), not X¹ but X⁸ may be a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (2).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X¹ and X⁸ in the formula (1) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-8).

In the following formula (1-8), X² to X⁷ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-8), Y¹ to Y¹⁶ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L, in which R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-8), Z¹ and Z² each independently represent the same as Z in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-8), L¹ and L² each independently represent the same as L in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-8), b₁ and b₂ are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and c₁ and c₂ are each independently an integer of 1 to 8.

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X³ and X⁸ in the formula (1) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-9).

In the following formula (1-9), X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-9), Y¹ to Y¹⁶, Z¹, Z², L₁, L₂, b₁, b₂, c₁ and c₂ each represent the same as Y¹ to Y¹⁶, Z¹, Z², L₁, L₂, b₁, b₂, c₁ and c₂ in the formula (1-8).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X² or X⁷ in the formula (1) is preferably a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-10).

In the following formula (1-10), X¹ and X³ to X⁸ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-10), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and c each represent the same as Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, and c in the formula (2).

Unlike in the formula (1-10), not X² but X⁷ may be a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (2).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X³ or X⁶ in the formula (1) is preferably a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-11).

In the following formula (1-11), X¹, X² and X⁴ to X⁸ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-11), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and c each represent the same as Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and c in the formula (2).

Unlike in the formula (1-11), not X³ but X⁶ may be a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (2).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X⁴ or X⁵ in the formula (1) is preferably a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-12).

In the following formula (1-12), X¹ to X³ and X⁵ to X⁸ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-12), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and c each represent the same as Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and c in the formula (2).

Unlike in the formula (1-12), not X⁴ but X⁵ may be a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (2).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X¹ and X⁷ in the formula (1) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-13).

In the following formula (1-13), X² to X⁶ and X⁸ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-13), Y¹ to Y¹⁶, Z¹, Z², L₁, L₂, b₁, b₂, c₁ and c₂ each represent the same as Y¹ to Y¹⁶, Z¹, Z², L₁, L₂, b₁, b₂, c₁ and c₂ in the formula (1-8).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X² and X⁷ in the formula (1) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-14).

In the following formula (1-14), X¹, X³ to X⁶ and X⁸ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-14), Y¹ to Y¹⁶, Z¹, Z², L₁, L₂, b₁, b₂, c₁ and c₂ each represent the same as Y¹ to Y¹⁶, Z¹, Z², L₁, L₂, b₁, b₂, c₁ and c₂ in the formula (1-8).

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X¹, X², X⁷ and X⁸ are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-15).

In the following formula (1-15), X³ to X⁶ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-15), Y¹ to Y³² each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L, in which R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-15), Z¹ to Z⁴ each independently represent the same as Z in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-15), L¹ to L⁴ each independently represent the same as L in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-15), b₁ to b₄ are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and c₁ to c₄ are each independently an integer of 1 to 8.

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, X¹, X³, X⁶ and X⁸ in the formula (1) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (2). Specifically, the compound of the exemplary embodiment is preferably a compound represented by the following formula (1-16).

In the following formula (1-16), X², X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom, in which R^(X) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (1). In the following formula (1-16), Y¹ to Y³² each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L, in which R^(Y) represents the same as R^(Y) in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-16), Z¹ to Z⁴ each independently represent the same as Z in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-16), L¹ to L⁴ each independently represent the same as L in the formula (2). In the following formula (1-16), b₁ to b₄ are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and c₁ to c₄ are each independently an integer of 1 to 8.

In the compound of the exemplary embodiment, the group represented by the formula (2) is preferably represented by the following formula (2-2). At least one of X¹ to X⁸ is a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the following formula (2-2).

In the formula (2-2), b₁ and b₂ each independently represent an integer of 1 to 5.

c₁, c₂ and c₃ are each independently an integer of 0 to 7 while c₁+c₂+c₃ is an integer of 7 or less.

Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom. When b is 2 to 5, Z are mutually the same or different. When Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom. R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent the same as R^(X) in the formula (10). R⁹ and R¹⁰ may be bonded to the structure represented by the formula (10).

L₁ is a linking group representing a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

L₂, L₃ and L₄ are each independently selected from a single bond and a linking group. The linking group represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

The polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L₁ to L₄ in the formula (2-2) includes a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). When c₁ is an integer of 2 or more, L₂ are mutually the same or different. When c₂ is an integer of 2 or more, L₃ are mutually the same or different. When c₃ is an integer of 2 or more, L₄ are mutually the same or different.

Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L₃.

Y⁹ to Y¹⁶ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Z) or a carbon atom bonded to L₄.

R^(Y) and R^(Z) each independently represent the same as R^(X) in the formula (10). The heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for R^(Y) and R^(Z) includes a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). Adjacent R^(Y) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.

In the exemplary embodiment, it is preferable that X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom and is bonded to the group represented by the formula (2-2).

In the exemplary embodiment, L₁ in the formula (2-2) is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, more preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 ring carbon atoms.

In the exemplary embodiment, L₂ in the formula (2-2) is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms. In the formula (2-2), L₂ directly bonded to L₁ is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

In the exemplary embodiment, it is preferable that c₁ in the formula (2-2) is 2 or more and a plurality of L₂ include a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms and a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. In this case, in the formula (2-2), L₂ directly bonded to L₁ is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

In the exemplary embodiment, it is preferable that L₃ and L₄ in the formula (2-2) are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, more preferably a single bond or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 ring carbon atoms.

In the exemplary embodiment, c₂ and c₃ are preferably 1. In this case, L₃ and L₄ are preferably a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, more preferably a single bond or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 ring carbon atoms.

Among the compounds represented by the formulae (1-7) to (1-16), the compounds represented by the formulae (1-7) and (1-8) are preferable.

The compound represented by the formula (1-1) is also preferable.

In the compounds according to the exemplary embodiment, Z and Z¹ to Z⁴ in the formulae (2), (2-1), (1-1) to (1-3), (1-5), and (1-7) to (1-16) are preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, more preferably an oxygen atom.

In the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2), other than X¹ to X¹⁶ being a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (2), X¹ to X¹⁶ are preferably CR^(X), in which R^(X) is more preferably any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group and an aryl group, further preferably a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group.

Next, substituents in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) will be described. Specific examples of the substituents in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include a halogen atom, cyano group, nitro group, substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

Examples of the halogen atom in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, among which fluorine is preferable.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include not only a hydroxyl group (—OH) but also a group represented by —OR^(A) that is provided by substituting H of a hydroxyl group (—OH) with R^(A).

Herein, when R^(A) is an alkyl group, the group represented by —OR^(A) becomes an alkoxy group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable. The alkyl group as R^(A) is preferably the following alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Examples of the alkoxy group are a methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, butoxy group, pentyloxy group and hexyloxy group. Among the alkoxy group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable and an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable. An alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.

The substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group herein includes a haloalkoxy group provided by substituting the alkyl group as R^(A) with one or more of the halogen atoms.

When R^(A) is an aryl group, the group represented by —OR^(A) becomes an aryloxy group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms is preferable. The aryl group as R^(A) is preferably the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. The aryloxy group is exemplified by a phenoxy group.

The substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy group herein includes a haloaryloxy group provided by substituting the aryl group as R^(A) with one or more of the halogen atoms.

When R^(A) is a heteroaryl group, the group represented by —OR^(A) becomes a heteroaryloxy group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is preferable. The heteroaryl group as R^(A) is preferably the following heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include not only a carboxyl group (—COOH) but also a group represented by —COOR^(B) that is provided by substituting H of a carboxyl group (—COOH) with R^(B).

Herein, when R^(B) is an alkyl group, the group represented by —COOR^(B) becomes an alkoxycarbonyl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable. The alkyl group as R^(B) is preferably the following alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

When R^(B) is an aryl group, the group represented by —COOR^(B) becomes an aryloxycarbonyl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms is preferable. The aryl group as R^(B) is preferably the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms.

When R^(B) is a heteroaryl group, the group represented by —COOR^(B) becomes a heteroaryloxycarbonyl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxycarbonyl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is preferable. The heteroaryl group as R^(B) is preferably the following heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted boryl group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include not only a boryl group (—BH₂) but also a group represented by —BR^(E)R^(E) that is provided by substituting H of a boryl group (—BH₂) with R^(E) and R^(E).

Herein, when R^(E) is an alkyl group, the group represented by —BR^(E)R^(E) becomes an alkylboryl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted alkylboryl group is preferable. The alkyl group as R^(E) is preferably the following alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

Herein, when R^(E) is an aryl group, the group represented by —BR^(E)R^(E) becomes an arylboryl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted arylboryl group is preferable. The aryl group as R^(E) is preferably the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms.

When R^(E) is a heteroaryl group, the group represented by —BR^(E)R^(E) becomes a heteroarylboryl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted a heteroarylboryl group is preferable. The heteroaryl group as R^(E) is preferably the following heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

In addition, a dihydroxyboryl group (—B(OH)₂) is also usable.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include not only a phosphino group (—PH₂) but also a group represented by —PR^(F)R^(F) that is provided by substituting H of a phosphino group (—PH₂) with R^(F) and R^(F), and a group represented by —P(O)R^(F)R^(F).

Herein, when R^(F) is an alkyl group, the group represented by —PR^(F)R^(F) or the group represented by —P(O)R^(F)R^(F) becomes an alkylphosphino group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted alkylphosphino group is preferable. The alkyl group as R^(F) is preferably the following alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

Herein, when R^(F) is an aryl group, the group represented by —PR^(F)R^(F) or the group represented by —P(O)R^(F)R^(F) becomes an arylphosphino group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted arylphosphino group is preferable. The aryl group as R^(F) is preferably the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms.

Herein, when R^(F) is a heteroaryl group, the group represented by —PR^(F)R^(F) or the group represented by —P(O)R^(F)R^(F) becomes a heteroarylphosphino group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylphosphino group is preferable. The heteroaryl group as R^(F) is preferably the following heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (116), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include not only a mercapto group (—SH) but also a group represented by —SR^(C) that is provided by substituting H of a mercapto group (—SH) with R^(C).

Herein, when R^(C) is an alkyl group, the group represented by —SR^(C) becomes an alkoxythio group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxythio group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable. The alkyl group as R^(C) is preferably the following alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.

When R^(C) is an aryl group, the group represented by —SR^(C) becomes an arylthio group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted arylthio group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms is preferable. The aryl group as R^(C) is preferably the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms.

When R^(C) is a heteroaryl group, the group represented by —SR^(C) becomes a heteroarylthio group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylthio group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is preferable. The heteroaryl group as R^(C) is preferably the following heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

The substituted or unsubstituted acyl group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) is represented by —CO—R^(D).

Herein, when R^(D) is an alkyl group, the group represented by —CO—R^(D) becomes an alkylcarbonyl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms is preferable. The alkyl group as R^(D) is preferably the following alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the alkylcarbonyl group are an acetyl group, propyonyl group, butyryl group, valeryl group, pivaloyl group, palmitoyl group, stearoyl group and oleoyl group.

When R^(D) is an aryl group, the group represented by —CO—R^(D) becomes an arylcarbonyl group (occasionally referred to as an aroyl group), among which a substituted or unsubstituted arylcarbonyl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms is preferable. The aryl group as R^(D) is preferably the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. Specific examples of the arylcarbonyl group are a benzoyl group, toluoyl group, salicyloyl group, cinnamoyl group, naphthoyl group and phthaloyl group.

When R^(D) is a heteroaryl group, the group represented by —CO—R^(D) becomes a heteroarylcarbonyl group, among which a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylcarbonyl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is preferable. The heteroaryl group as R^(D) is preferably the following heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms. Specific examples of the heteroarylcarbonyl group are a furoyl group, pyrrolylcarbonyl group, pyridylcarbonyl group and thienylcarbonyl group.

It should be noted that a formyl group (—CO—H) provided when R^(D) is a hydrogen atom is also included in the acyl group.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted amino group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include not only an amino group (—NH₂) but also a group provided by substituting H of an amino group (—NH₂) with substituents. Examples of the group that is provided by substituting H of an amino group (—NH₂) with substituents include an alkylamino group provided by substituting the amino group with a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylamino group provided by substituting the amino group with a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, a heteroarylamino group provided by substituting the amino group with a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms, and an acylamino group provided by substituting the amino group with a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms.

The alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the alkylamino group is preferably the following alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. When the amino group is substituted by two alkyl groups, the two alkyl groups may be mutually the same or different.

The aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms in the arylamino group is preferably the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. The acylamino group is preferably an amino group substituted by a phenyl group. When the amino group is substituted by two aryl groups, the two aryl groups may be mutually the same or different.

The heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms in the heteroarylamino group is preferably the following heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms. When the amino group is substituted by two heteroaryl groups, the two heteroaryl groups may be mutually the same or different.

The acyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in the acylamino group is preferably selected from the aforementioned acyl group.

A substituted amino group may be an amino group substituted by two selected from a hydrogen atom, alkyl group, aryl group, heteroaryl group and acyl group.

The substituted amino group may be provided by the amino group substituted by an alkyl group and an aryl group. Examples of the substituted amino group include an alkylarylamino group, alkylheteroarylamino group, arylheteroarylamino group, alkylacylamino group and arylacylamino group.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted silyl group in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include not only an unsubstituted silyl group but also an alkylsilyl group substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, an arylsilyl group substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a heteroarylsilyl group substituted by a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

The alkylsilyl group is exemplified by a trialkylsilyl group including the aforementioned alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, specific examples of which are a trimethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tri-n-butylsilyl group, tri-n-octylsilyl group, triisobutylsilyl group, dimethylethylsilyl group, dimethylisopropylsilyl group, dimethyl-n-propyosilyl group, dimethyl-n-butylsilyl group, dimethyl-t-butylsilyl group, diethylisopropylsilyl group, vinyldimethylsilyl group, propyldimethylsilyl group and triisopropylsilyl group. Three alkyl groups may be mutually the same or different.

The arylsilyl group is exemplified by a triarylsilyl group having the following three aryl groups each having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. The triarylsilyl group preferably has 18 to 30 carbon atoms. Three aryl groups may be mutually the same or different.

The heteroarylsilyl group is exemplified by a triheteroarylsilyl group including the following three heteroaryl groups each having 5 to 40 ring atoms. Three heteroaryl groups may be mutually the same or different.

A substituted silyl group may be a silyl group substituted by at least two selected from an alkyl group, aryl group and heteroaryl group.

The substituted silyl group may be provided by substituting the silyl group with an alkyl group and an aryl group. Examples of the substituted silyl group include an alkylarylsilyl group, dialkylarylsilyl group, diarylsilyl group, alkyldiarylsilyl group and triarylsilyl group. A plurality of aryl groups may be the same or different, or a plurality of alkyl groups may be the same or different

The dialkylarylsilyl group is exemplified by a dialkylarylsilyl group including two of the above-exemplified alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and one of the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. The dialkylarylsilyl group preferably has 8 to 30 carbon atoms. The two alkyl groups may be mutually the same or different.

The alkyldiarylsilyl group is exemplified by an alkyldiarylsilyl group including one of the above-exemplified alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms and two of the above aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. The alkyldiarylsilyl group preferably has 13 to 30 carbon atoms. The two aryl groups may be mutually the same or different.

Examples of the arylsilyl group include a phenyldimethylsilyl group, diphenylmethylsilyl group, diphenyl-t-butylsilyl group and triphenylsilyl group.

A silyl group substituted with alkyl group and heteroaryl group, a silyl group with substituted aryl group and heteroaryl group, and a silyl group with substituted alkyl group, aryl group and heteroaryl group may be used.

The substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) may be linear, branched or cyclic. The substituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms includes a haloalkyl group. The haloalkyl group is exemplified by a haloalkyl group provided by substituting the alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms with one or more halogen atoms. Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted, linear or branched alkyl group include a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, s-butyl group, isobutyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group, n-hexyl group, n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, n-nonyl group, n-decyl group, n-undecyl group, n-dodecyl group, n-tridecyl group, n-tetradecyl group, n-pentadecyl group, n-hexadecyl group, n-heptadecyl group, n-octadecyl group, neo-pentyl group, 1-methylpentyl group, 2-methylpentyl group, 1-pentylhexyl group, 1-butylpentyl group, 1-heptyloctyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, hydroxymethyl group, 1-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxyethyl group, 2-hydroxyisobutyl group, 1,2-dihydroxyethyl group, 1,3-dihydroxyisopropyl group, 2,3-dihydroxy-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl group, chloromethyl group, 1-chloroethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-chloroisobutyl group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group, 1,3-dichloroisopropyl group, 2,3-dichloro-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-trichloropropyl group, bromomethyl group, 1-bromoethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 2-bromoisobutyl group, 1,2-dibromoethyl group, 1,3-dibromoisopropyl group, 2,3-dibromo-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-tribromopropyl group, iodomethyl group, 1-iodoethyl group, 2-iodoethyl group, 2-iodoisobutyl group, 1,2-diiodoethyl group, 1,3-diiodoisopropyl group, 2,3-diiodo-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-triiodopropyl group, aminomethyl group, 1-aminoethyl group, 2-aminoethyl group, 2-aminoisobutyl group, 1,2-diaminoethyl group, 1,3-diaminoisopropyl group, 2,3-diamino-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-triaminopropyl group, cyanomethyl group, 1-cyanoethyl group, 2-cyanoethyl group, 2-cyanoisobutyl group, 1,2-dicyanoethyl group, 1,3-dicyanoisopropyl group, 2,3-dicyano-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-tricyanopropyl group, nitromethyl group, 1-nitroethyl group, 2-nitroethyl group, 1,2-dinitroethyl group, 2,3-dinitro-t-butyl group, 1,2,3-trinitropropyl group, fluoromethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, fluoroethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl group.

The substituted or unsubstituted cyclic alkyl group (cycloalkyl group) is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 30 carbon atoms, examples of which include a cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cyclooctyl group, 4-methylcyclohexyl group, 3,5-tetramethylcyclohexyl group, 1-adamantyl group, 2-adamantyl group, 1-norbornyl group and 2-norbornyl group.

Among the aforementioned alkyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is more preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is particularly preferable. Among the above, a methyl group, isopropyl group, t-butyl group and cyclohexyl group are preferable.

The substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) may be linear, branched or cyclic. Examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group, propenyl group, butenyl group, oleyl group, eicosapentaenyl group, docosahexaenyl group, styryl group, 2,2-diphenylvinyl group, 1,2,2-triphenylvinyl group, and 2-phenyl-2-propenyl group, among which a vinyl group is preferable.

Examples of the substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) include ethynyl propynyl and 2-phenylethynyl, among which an ethynyl group is preferable.

The substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 7 to 40 carbon atoms in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) is represented by —R^(E)—R^(F). R^(E) is exemplified by an alkylene group that is a divalent group formed from the above alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms. R^(E) is exemplified by the examples of the following aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. In the aralkyl group, an aryl group moiety has 6 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 12 carbon atoms. In the aralkyl group, an alkyl group moiety has 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, further preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the aralkyl group are a benzyl group, 2-phenylpropane-2-yl group, 1-phenylethyl group, 2-phenylethyl group, 1-phenylisopropyl group, 2-phenylisopropyl group, phenyl-t-butyl group, α-naphthylmethyl group, 1-α-naphthylethyl group, 2-α-naphthylethyl group, 1-α-naphthylisopropyl group, 2-α-naphthylisopropyl group, β-naphthylmethyl group, 1-β-naphthylethyl group, 2-β-naphthylethyl group, 1-β-naphthylisopropyl group, 2-β-naphthylisopropyl group, 1-pyrrolylmethyl group, 2-(1-pyrrolyl)ethyl group, p-methylbenzyl group, m-methylbenzyl group, o-methylbenzyl group, p-chlorobenzyl group, m-chlorobenzyl group, o-chlorobenzyl group, p-bromobenzyl group, m-bromobenzyl group, o-bromobenzyl group, p-iodobenzyl group, m-iodobenzyl group, o-iodobenzyl group, p-hydroxybenzyl group, m-hydroxybenzyl group, o-hydroxybenzyl group, p-aminobenzyl group, m-aminobenzyl group, o-aminobenzyl group, p-nitrobenzyl group, m-nitrobenzyl group, o-nitrobenzyl group, p-cyanobenzyl group, m-cyanobenzyl group, o-cyanobenzyl group, 1-hydroxy-2-phenylisopropyl group and 1-chloro-2-phenylisopropyl group.

The aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) is exemplified by a non-fused aryl group and a fused aryl group. Specific examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, naphthyl group, anthryl group, phenanthryl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, quaterphenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, pyrenyl group, triphenylenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, fluorenyl group, 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group, spirofluorenyl group, benzo[c]phenanthrenyl group, benzo[a]triphenylenyl group, naphtho[1,2-c]phenanthrenyl group, naphtho[1,2-a]triphenylenyl group, dibenzo[a,c]triphenylenyl group and benzo[b]fluoranthenyl group. Among the aforementioned aryl group, an aryl group having 6 to 30 ring carbon atoms is more preferable, an aryl group having 6 to 20 ring carbon atoms is further preferable, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms is particularly preferable.

Moreover, since a higher triplet energy level is desirable in use as an electron transporting material, an aryl group having triplet energy T1 exceeding 2.1 eV is preferable. Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, naphthyl group, phenanthryl group, biphenyl group, terphenyl group, quaterphenyl group, fluoranthenyl group, triphenylenyl group, phenanthrenyl group, fluorenyl group, 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group, spirofluorenyl group, benzo[c]phenanthrenyl group, benzo[a]triphenylenyl group, naphtho[1,2-c]phenanthrenyl group, naphtho[1,2-a]triphenylenyl group, dibenzo[a,c]triphenylenyl group and benzo[b]fluoranthenyl group.

The heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) are exemplified by non-fused heteroaryl and fused heteroaryl. Examples of the heteroaryl group include a pyrrolyl group, pyrazinyl group, pyridinyl group, indolyl group, isoindolyl group, furyl group, benzofuranyl group, isobenzofuranyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, quinolyl group, isoquinolyl group, quinoxalinyl group, carbazolyl group, phenanthrydinyl group, acridinyl group, phenanthrolinyl group, thienyl group, and group formed based on a pyridine ring, pyrazine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, triazine ring, indole ring, quinoline ring, acridine ring, pyrrolidine ring, dioxane ring, piperidine ring, morpholine ring, piperazine ring, carbazole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, benzoxazole ring, thiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, benzothiazole ring, triazole ring, imidazole ring, benzimidazole ring, pyrane ring, dibenzofuran ring, benzo[c]dibenzofuran ring and silafluorene ring. Among the aforementioned heteroaryl group, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is more preferable, a heteroaryl group having 5 to 20 ring atoms is further preferable, and a heteroaryl group having 5 to 12 ring atoms is particularly preferable.

When L and L₁ to L₁₂ in the formulae (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) are linking groups, the linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms is exemplified by a polyvalent group formed from the aforementioned linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent alkenyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms; linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent alkynyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, among which a divalent group or trivalent group is preferable and a divalent group is more preferable. The divalent group may have the aforementioned substituents. The substituents are specifically a methylene group, ethylene group, acethylenylene group and vinylidene group.

When L and L₁ to L₁₂ in the formulae (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) are linking groups, the polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms is exemplified by a polyvalent group formed from the aforementioned aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, among which a divalent group or trivalent group is preferable and a divalent group is more preferable. Specifically, a divalent group formed from a phenyl group, biphenyl group, naphthyl group and 9,9-dimethylfluorenyl group is preferable and may have the aforementioned substitutents.

When L and L₁ to L₁₂ in the formulae (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2) are linking groups, the polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is exemplified by a polyvalent group formed from the aforementioned heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms, among which a divalent group or trivalent group is preferable and a divalent group is more preferable. Specifically, a divalent group formed from a pyridyl group, pyrimidyl group, dibenzofuranyl group, dibenzothiophenyl group, silafluorenyl group and carbazolyl group is preferable and may have the aforementioned substitutents.

In the formulae (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2), other than Y¹ to Y¹⁶ that are a carbon atom bonded to L and L₁ to L₁₂, Y¹ to Y¹⁶ are preferably CR^(Y), in which R^(Y) is more preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.

In the invention, “carbon atoms forming a ring (ring carbon atoms)” mean carbon atoms forming a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, or aromatic ring. “Atoms forming a ring (ring atoms)” mean carbon atoms and hetero atoms forming a hetero ring including a saturated ring, unsaturated ring, or aromatic ring.

In the invention, a “hydrogen atom” means isotopes having different neutron numbers and specifically encompasses protium, deuterium and tritium.

Examples of the substituent meant by “substituted or unsubstituted” are the aforementioned aryl group, heteroaryl group, alkyl group (linear or branched alkyl group, cycloalkyl group and haloalkyl group), alkoxy group, aryloxy group, aralkyl group, haloalkoxy group, alkylsilyl group, dialkylarylsilyl group, alkyldiarylsilyl group, triarylsilyl group, halogen atom, cyano group, hydroxyl group, nitro group and carboxy group. In addition, an alkenyl group and an alkynyl group are also usable.

In the aforementioned substituents, the aryl group, heteroaryl group, alkyl group, halogen atom, alkylsilyl group, arylsilyl group and cyano group are preferable. Preferable ones of the specific examples of each substituent are further preferable.

“Unsubstituted” in “substituted or unsubstituted” means that a group is not substituted by the above-described substituents but bonded with a hydrogen atom.

Herein, “a to b carbon atoms” in the description of “substituted or unsubstituted XX group having a to b carbon atoms” represent carbon atoms of an unsubstituted XX group and does not include carbon atoms of a substituted XX group.

In a later-described compound or a partial structure thereof, the same applies to the above description of “substituted or unsubstituted.”

Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (1) are shown below, but the invention is not limited to the examples.

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-7) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET1 to ET156, ET160 to ET385, and ET1001 to ET1014 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-7), X² to X⁸ in the formula (1-7) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET1 to ET156, ET160 to ET341, and ET1001 to ET1012, it is preferable that X² to X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-7). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET1 to ET156, ET160 to ET172, and ET1001 to ET1006, it is more preferable that X² to X⁸ are preferably CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-7).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-8) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET157 to ET159 and ET387 to ET470 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-8), X² to X⁷ in the formula (1-8) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET157 to ET159, ET387 to ET424, and ET430 to ET459, it is preferable that X² to X⁷ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-8). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET157 to ET159 and ET387 to ET417, it is more preferable that X² to X⁷ are preferably CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-7).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-9) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET471 to ET474 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-9), X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸ in the formula (1-9) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET471 to ET473, it is preferable that X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-9). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET471 to ET472, it is more preferable that X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-9).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-10) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET475 to ET479 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-10), X¹ and X³ to X⁸ in the formula (1-10) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET475 to ET478, it is preferable that X¹ and X³ to X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-10). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET475 to ET476, it is more preferable that X¹ and X³ to V are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-10).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-11) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET480 to ET485, ET487 to ET490 and ET492 to ET495 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-11), X¹, X² and X⁴ to X⁸ in the formula (1-11) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET480 to ET485, ET487 to ET490 and ET492 to ET493, it is preferable that X¹, X² and X⁴ to X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-11). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET480 to ET485, it is more preferable that X¹, X² and X⁴ to X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-11).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-12) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET496 to ET509 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-12), X¹ to X³ and X⁵ to X⁸ in the formula (1-12) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET496 to ET507, it is preferable that X¹ to X³ and X⁵ to X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-12). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET496 to ET501, it is more preferable that X¹ to X³ and X⁵ to X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-12).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-13) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET510 to ET513 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-13), X² to X⁶ and X⁸ in the formula (1-13) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET510 to ET513, it is preferable that X² to X⁶ and X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-13). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET510 to ET511, it is more preferable that X² to X⁶ and X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-13).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-14) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET514 to ET530 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-14), X¹, X³ to X⁶ and X⁸ in the formula (1-14) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET514 to ET529, it is preferable that X¹, X³ to X⁶ and X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-14). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET514 to ET521, it is more preferable that X¹, X³ to X⁶ and X⁸ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-14).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-15) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET531 to ET534 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-15), X³ to X⁶ in the formula (1-15) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET531 to ET534, it is preferable that X³ to X⁶ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-15). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET531 to ET532, it is more preferable that X³ to X⁶ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-15).

Examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-16) are as follows.

As described in the compounds ET535 to ET543 among the compounds listed as the examples of the compound represented by the formula (1-16), X², X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ in the formula (1-16) representing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment are preferably CR^(X). Further, as described in the compounds ET535 to ET542, it is preferable that X², X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom in the formula (1-16). Moreover, as described in the compounds ET535 to ET538, it is more preferable that X², X⁴, X⁵ and X⁷ are CR^(X) and Z is an oxygen atom in the formula (1-16).

Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (1) are shown below, but the invention is not limited to the examples.

The compound according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably contained in an organic compound layer interposed between the anode and the cathode of an organic EL device. Moreover, in the organic EL device including an emitting layer and an electron transporting layer between the anode and the cathode, the compound according to the exemplary embodiment is more preferably contained in the electron transporting layer.

Organic-Electroluminescence-Device Material

An organic-EL-device material preferably includes the compound according to the exemplary embodiment. The organic-EL-device material may singularly include the compound represented by the formula (1) or may include other compounds in addition to the compound represented by the formula (1). The organic-EL-device material according to the exemplary embodiment is usable for forming the organic compound layer of the organic EL device.

The organic-EL-device material according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably used for the organic compound layer provided between the anode and the cathode of the organic EL device, more preferably used for the electron transporting layer in the organic EL device that includes the emitting layer and the electron transporting layer between the anode and the cathode.

Organic EL Device

Typical device arrangements of an organic EL device include the following arrangements (a) to (e) and the like:

(a) anode/emitting layer/cathode;

(b) anode/hole injecting•transporting layer/emitting layer/cathode;

(c) anode/emitting layer/electron injecting•transporting layer/cathode;

(d) anode/hole injecting•transporting layer/emitting layer/electron injecting•transporting layer/cathode; and

(e) anode/hole injecting•transporting layer/emitting layer/blocking layer/electron injecting•transporting layer/cathode.

While the arrangements (d) and (e) are preferably used among the above arrangements, the arrangement of the invention is not limited to the above arrangements.

It should be noted that the aforementioned “emitting layer” is an organic layer having an emission function and, when a doping system is applied, including a host material and a dopant material. Herein, the host material has a function of mainly promoting recombination of electrons and holes and trapping excitons in the emitting layer while the dopant material has a function of making the excitons obtained in the recombination efficiently emit. In a phosphorescent device, the host material has a function of trapping the excitons, which are generated mainly in the dopant, within the emitting layer.

The “hole injecting/transporting layer” (or hole injecting•transporting layer) means “at least one of a hole injecting layer and a hole transporting layer” while the “electron injecting/transporting layer” (or electron injecting•transporting layer) means “at least one of an electron injecting layer and an electron transporting layer.” Herein, when the hole injecting layer and the hole transporting layer are provided, the hole injecting layer is preferably adjacent to the anode. When the electron injecting layer and the electron transporting layer are provided, the electron injecting layer is preferably adjacent to the cathode.

In the exemplary embodiment, the electron transporting layer means an organic layer having the highest electron mobility among organic layer(s) providing an electron transporting zone existing between the emitting layer and the cathode. When the electron transporting zone is provided by a single layer, the single layer is the electron transporting layer. Moreover, in the phosphorescent organic EL device, a blocking layer having an electron mobility that is not always high may be provided as shown in the arrangement (e) between the emitting layer and the electron transporting layer in order to prevent diffusion of exciton energy generated in the emitting layer. Thus, the organic layer adjacent to the emitting layer does not always correspond to the electron transporting layer.

In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an organic EL device includes: a cathode; an anode; and an organic compound layer provided between the cathode and the anode. The organic compound layer at least includes an emitting layer and an electron transporting layer. The organic compound layer may include layers applied for an organic EL device such as a hole injecting layer, a hole transporting layer, an electron injecting layer, a hole blocking layer and an electron blocking layer. The organic compound layer may include an inorganic compound.

The aforementioned organic-EL-device material according to the exemplary embodiment is contained in the organic compound layer. When the organic compound layer is provided by a plurality of layers, the organic-EL-device material according to the exemplary embodiment is contained singularly or as a component of a mixture in at least one of the layers. The electron transporting layer preferably includes the organic-EL-device material according to the exemplary embodiment.

The organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment includes a light-transmissive substrate, the anode, the cathode, and the organic compound layer provided between the anode and the cathode.

The organic compound layer includes the hole injecting layer, the hole transporting layer, the emitting layer, the hole blocking layer, the electron transporting layer and the electron injecting layer in this sequence from the anode.

Electron Transporting Layer

The electron transporting layer of the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment includes a compound represented by the following formula (10).

In the formula (10), X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the following formula (20), CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom. At least one of X¹ to X⁸ is a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the following formula (20).

R^(X) is each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, hydroxyl group, cyano group, nitro group, carboxyl group, sulfonyl group, boryl group, phosphino group, mercapto group, acyl group, substituted or unsubstituted amino group, substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms.

Among X¹ to X⁸ in the formula (10), adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.

In the formula (20), b is an integer of 1 to 5. In the formula (20), c is an integer of 1 to 8.

In the formula (20), Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom. When b is 2 to 5, Z are mutually the same or different. When Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom. R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent the same as R^(X) in the formula (10). R⁹ and R¹⁰ may be bonded to the structure represented by the formula (10).

In the formula (20), L is selected from a single bond or a linking group. The linking group represents a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms. The polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L in the formula (20) includes a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from a phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). When c is 2 to 8, L are mutually the same or different.

In the formula (20), Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y) or a carbon atom bonded to L.

R^(Y) in the formula (20) represents the same as R^(X) in the formula (10). The heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for R^(Y) includes a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). In the formula (20), adjacent R^(Y) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other.

X¹ to X⁸ in the formula (10) represent the same as X¹ to X⁸ in the formula (1).

Y¹ to Y⁸, L, Z, b and c in the formula (20) each represent the same as Y¹ to Y⁸, L, Z, b and c in the formula (2).

The substituents in the formulae (10) and (20) also represent the same as the substituents in the formulae (1), (1-1) to (1-16), (2), (2-1), (1-x), (1-xx-1) and (1-xx-2).

For instance, the following formula (20-1) represents a case where a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10) is contained in L in the formula (20). In the following formula (20-1), A1 schematically shows the structure represented by the formula (10).

In the formula (20-1), cx is an integer of 0 to 7, cy is an integer of 0 to 7, and 0≦cx+cy≦7. In the formula (20-1), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L, b and X¹ to X⁸ in A1 each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L and b in the formulae (10) and (20).

For instance, the following formula (10-1) represents a case where R^(Y) of CR^(Y) in the formula (20) is a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). In the following formula (10-1), A2 and A3 schematically show the structure represented by the formula (10).

In the formula (10-1), c₁ is an integer of 1 to 8 and c₂ is an integer of 1 to 8. In the formula (10-1), L₁ and L₂ each independently represent the same as L in the formula (20). In the formula (10-1), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, b and X¹ to X⁸ in A2 and A3 each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y⁸, Z and b in the formulae (10) and (20).

For instance the following formula (10-2) shows a case where a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10) is included in L of the formula (20), and R^(Y) of CR^(Y) in the formula (20) is a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by the formula (10). In the following formula (10-2), A1, A2 and A3 schematically show the structure represented by the formula (10).

In the formula (10-2), Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L₁ to L₃, b, cx, cy, c₁ and X¹ to X⁸ in A1, A2 and A3 each represent the same as X¹ to X⁸, Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, L₁ to L₃, b, cx, cy and c₁ in the formulae (10), (20), (10-1) and (20-1).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X¹ or X⁸ in the formula (10) is preferably a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X¹ and X⁸ in the formula (10) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X³ and X⁶ in the formula (10) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X² and X⁷ in the formula (10) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X³ or X⁶ in the formula (10) is preferably a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X⁴ or X⁵ in the formula (10) is preferably a carbon atom to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X¹ and X⁷ in the formula (10) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X² and X⁷ in the formula (10) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X¹, X², X⁷ and X⁸ in the formula (10) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, X¹, X³, X⁶ and X⁸ in the formula (10) are preferably carbon atoms to be bonded to the group represented by the formula (20).

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, a compound in which X¹ or X⁸ in the formula (10) is a carbon atom to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (20) while X¹ and X⁸ in the formula (10) are carbon atoms to be bonded to a group represented by the formula (20) is preferably used.

In the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, in the formulae (10) and (10-1) to (10-2), other than X¹ to X⁸ being a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by the formula (20), X¹ to X⁸ are preferably CR^(X), in which R^(X) is preferably any one of a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group and an aryl group, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a phenyl group.

Moreover, in the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, Z in the formula (20) is preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, more preferably an oxygen atom.

The organic EL device according to this exemplary embodiment preferably includes at least one of an electron-donating dopant and an organic metal complex in the electron transporting layer. The content of the electron-donating dopant or the organic metal complex in the electron transporting layer is preferably in a range from 1 mass % to 50 mass %.

A material of the electron-donating dopant is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal, a rare-earth metal, an alkali metal oxide, an alkali metal halide, an alkaline-earth metal oxide, an alkaline-earth metal halide, a rare-earth metal oxide and a rare-earth metal halide.

The organic metal complex is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic metal complex including an alkali metal, an organic metal complex including an alkaline-earth metal, an organic metal complex including a rare-earth metal and the like.

The electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex will be described in detail later.

According to the organic EL device of the exemplary embodiment, since the compound represented by the formula (10) is contained in the electron transporting layer, the drive voltage can be reduced. Moreover, since the compound represented by the formula (10) and at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex are contained in the electron transporting layer, the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex contained in the electron transporting layer are easily captured by the phenanthroline skeleton of the formula (10), so that the drive voltage is further reduced.

Moreover, an organic-EL-device material including the compound represented by the formula (10) may be used for the organic EL device of the exemplary embodiment.

The compound represented by the formula (10) includes the compound represented by the formula (1). Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (10) are the aforementioned specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (1) and the following compounds. However, the invention is not limited to the examples.

Substrate

The organic EL device of the exemplary embodiment is formed on a light-transmissive substrate. The light-transmissive plate, which supports the organic EL device, is preferably a smoothly-shaped substrate that transmits 50% or more of light in a visible region of 400 nm to 700 nm. Specifically, a glass plate, a polymer plate, and the like are preferable.

Anode and Cathode

The anode of the organic EL device is used for injecting holes into the hole injecting layer, the hole transporting layer or the emitting layer. It is effective that the anode has a work function of 4.5 eV or more. Specific examples of a material for the anode are alloys of indium-tin oxide (ITO), tin oxide (NESA), indium zinc oxide, gold, silver, platinum and copper.

The cathode is preferably formed of a material with smaller work function in order to inject electrons into the electron injecting layer, the electron transporting layer and the emitting layer. Although a material for the cathode is subject to no specific limitation, examples of the material are indium, aluminum, magnesium, alloy of magnesium and indium, alloy of magnesium and aluminum, alloy of aluminum and lithium, alloy of aluminum, scandium and lithium, and alloy of magnesium and silver.

Emitting Layer

The emitting layer of the organic EL device has a function for providing conditions for recombination of the electrons and the holes to emit light. The emitting layer is preferably a molecular deposit film. The molecular deposit film means a thin film formed by depositing a material compound in gas phase or a film formed by solidifying a material compound in a solution state or in liquid phase. The molecular deposit film is typically distinguished from a thin film (molecular accumulation film) formed by the LB (Langmuir Blodgett) method by differences in aggregation structures, higher order structures and functional differences arising therefrom.

Dopant Material

A dopant material is selected from a known fluorescent material exhibiting fluorescent emission or a known phosphorescent material exhibiting phosphorescent emission.

Host Material

A host material, which is applicable to the organic EL device, is exemplified by an amine derivative, azine derivative and fused polycyclic aromatic derivative.

Examples of the amine derivative are a monoamine compound, diamine compound, triamine compound, tetramine compound and amine compound substituted by a carbazole group.

Examples of the azine derivative are a monoazine derivative, diazine derivative and triazine derivative.

The fused polycyclic aromatic derivative is preferably a fused polycyclic aryl having no heterocyclic skeleton, examples of which include a fused polycyclic aryl such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, chrysene, fluoranthene and triphenylene, or derivatives thereof.

Hole Injecting/Transporting Layer

The hole injecting/transporting layer helps injection of holes to the emitting layer and transports the holes to an emitting region. The hole injecting/transporting layer exhibits a large hole mobility and a small ionization energy.

A material for forming the hole injecting layer and the hole transporting layer is preferably a material for transporting the holes to the emitting layer at a lower electric field intensity. For instance, an aromatic amine compound is preferably used. A material for the hole injecting layer is preferably a porphyrin compound, an aromatic tertiary amine compound or a styryl amine compound, particularly preferably the aromatic tertiary amine compound such as hexacyanohexaazatriphenylene (HAT).

Electron Injecting/Transporting Layer

The electron injecting/transporting layer helps injection of the electron to the luminescent layer and has a high electron mobility. The electron injecting layer is provided for adjusting energy level, by which, for instance, sudden changes of the energy level can be reduced.

In the exemplary embodiment, the electron injecting/transporting layer at least includes the electron transporting layer containing the compound represented by the formula (10). In addition, the electron injecting/transporting layer may include an electron injecting layer. Alternatively, the electron injecting/transporting layer may include another electron transporting layer. Moreover, the electron injecting/transporting layer may be provided by layering a first electron transporting layer, a second electron transporting layer and the electron injecting layer on the anode in this sequence. In this arrangement, the compound represented by the formula (10) is preferably contained in the first electron transporting layer. When the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment includes a plurality of electron transporting layers, it is only necessary that the compound represented by the formula (10) is contained in at least one of the plurality of electron transporting layers. It is preferable that this compound is contained in the electron transporting layer closer to the emitting layer. Moreover, the electron transporting layer in which the compound represented by the formula (10) is contained may further include an alkali metal as described above. The electron transporting layer may further include the following electron transporting material in addition to the alkali metal.

The organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment preferably includes the electron injecting layer between the electron transporting layer and the cathode, and the electron injecting layer preferably contains a nitrogen-containing cyclic derivative as a main component. The electron injecting layer may serve as the electron transporting layer. Noted that “as a main component” means that the nitrogen-containing cyclic derivative is contained in the electron injecting layer at a content of 50 mass % or more.

The electron transporting material for forming the electron injecting layer or the electron transporting layer is preferably an aromatic heterocyclic compound having at least one heteroatom in a molecule, particularly preferably a nitrogen-containing cyclic derivative. The nitrogen-containing cyclic derivative is preferably an aromatic ring having a nitrogen-containing six-membered or five-membered ring skeleton, or a condensed aromatic cyclic compound having a nitrogen-containing six-membered or five-membered ring skeleton.

Electron-Donating Dopant and Organic Metal Complex

The organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment preferably includes at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex in the electron transporting layer. With this arrangement, the drive voltage of the organic EL device can be lowered. The electron-donating dopant may be at least one selected from an alkali metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline-earth metal, an alkaline-earth metal compound, a rare-earth metal, a rare-earth metal compound and the like.

The organic metal complex may be at least one selected from an organic metal complex including an alkali metal, an organic metal complex including an alkaline-earth metal, an organic metal complex including a rare-earth metal and the like.

Examples of the alkali metal are lithium (Li) (work function: 2.93 eV), sodium (Na) (work function: 2.36 eV), potassium (K) (work function: 2.28 eV), rubidium (Rb) (work function: 2.16 eV) and cesium (Cs) (work function: 1.95 eV), which particularly preferably has a work function of 2.9 eV or less. Among the above, the reductive dopant is preferably K, Rb or Cs, more preferably Rb or Cs, the most preferably Cs.

Examples of the alkaline-earth metal are calcium (Ca) (work function: 2.9 eV), strontium (Sr) (work function: 2.0 to 2.5 eV), and barium (Ba) (work function: 2.52 eV), among which a substance having a work function of 2.9 eV or less is particularly preferable.

Examples of the rare-earth metal are scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), cerium (Ce), terbium (Tb), and ytterbium (Yb), among which a substance having a work function of 2.9 eV or less is particularly preferable.

Since the above preferred metals have particularly high reducibility, addition of a relatively small amount of the metals to an electron injecting zone can enhance luminance intensity and lifetime of the organic EL device.

Examples of the alkali metal compound are an alkali oxide such as lithium oxide (Li₂O), cesium oxide (Cs₂O) and potassium oxide (K₂O), and an alkali halogenide such as sodium fluoride (NaF), cesium fluoride (CsF) and potassium fluoride (KF), among which lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium oxide (Li₂O) and sodium fluoride (NaF) are preferable.

Examples of the alkaline-earth metal compound are barium oxide (BaO), strontium oxide (SrO), calcium oxide (CaO) and a mixture thereof, i.e., barium strontium oxide (Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O) (0<x<1), barium calcium oxide (Ba_(x)Ca_(1-x)O) (0<x<1), among which BaO, SrO and CaO are preferable.

Examples of the rare earth metal compound are ytterbium fluoride (YbF₃), scandium fluoride (ScF₃), scandium oxide (ScO₃), yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃), cerium oxide (Ce₂O₃), gadolinium fluoride (GdF₃) and terbium fluoride (TbF₃), among which YbF₃, ScF₃, and TbF₃ are preferable.

The organic metal complex is not specifically limited as long as containing at least one metal ion of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline-earth metal ion and a rare earth metal ion. A ligand for each of the complexes is preferably quinolinol, benzoquinolinol, acridinol, phenanthridinol, hydroxyphenyl oxazole, hydroxyphenyl thiazole, hydroxydiaryl oxadiazole, hydroxydiaryl thiadiazole, hydroxyphenyl pyridine, hydroxyphenyl benzoimidazole, hydroxybenzo triazole, hydroxy fluborane, bipyridyl, phenanthroline, phthalocyanine, porphyrin, cyclopentadiene, β-diketones, azomethines, or a derivative thereof, but the ligand is not limited thereto.

The electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex are preferably added by a method of dispersing at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex in the electron transporting layer while co-depositing the at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex with the compound represented by the formula (1) by resistance heating evaporation. Dispersion concentration represented by a film-thickness ratio (the compound represented by the formula (1) to the electron-donating dopant or the organic metal complex) is 1000:1 to 1:1000, preferably 100:1 to 1:1.

When the at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex forms a layer, the compound represented by the formula (1) is initially layered, and then, the at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex is singularly deposited thereon by resistance heating evaporation to preferably form a 0.1 nm- to 15 nm-thick layer.

When the at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex is formed in an island, the compound represented by the formula (1) is initially formed in an island, and then, the at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex is singularly deposited thereon by resistance heating evaporation to preferably form a 0.05 nm- to 1 nm-thick an island.

A ratio of the at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex in the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment is preferably a film-thick ratio (a main component to the electron-donating dopant or the organic metal complex) of 100:1 to 1:1, more preferably 50:1 to 4:1.

Blocking Layer

The organic EL device preferably includes a blocking layer such as an electron blocking layer, hole blocking layer or triplet blocking layer at a part adjacent to the emitting layer. Herein, the electron blocking layer prevents electrons from leaking from the emitting layer into the hole transporting layer while the hole blocking layer prevents holes from leaking from the emitting layer into the electron transporting layer. In organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment, as described above, the hole blocking layer is provided between the electron transporting layer and the emitting layer. The triplet blocking layer has a function of preventing triplet excitons generated in the emitting layer from diffusing into neighboring layers to trap the triplet excitons within the emitting layer, thereby suppressing energy deactivation of the triplet excitons on molecules other than the emitting dopant in the electron transporting layer.

Formation Method of Each Layer of Organic EL Device

A method of forming each of the layers in the organic EL device according to the exemplary embodiment is not particularly limited. Conventionally-known methods such as vacuum deposition and spin coating may be employed for forming the layers. The organic layer used in the organic EL device according to this exemplary embodiment can be formed by a well-known coating method such as vacuum deposition method, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method or a coating method with a solution by a dipping method, spin coating method, casting method, bar coating method, or roll coating method.

Film Thickness of Each Layer of Organic EL Device

A film thickness of the emitting layer is preferably in a range of 5 nm to 50 nm, more preferably in a range of 7 nm to 50 nm and most preferably in a range of 10 nm to 50 nm. By forming the emitting layer at the film thickness of 5 nm or more, the emitting layer is easily formable and chromaticity is easily adjustable. By forming the emitting layer at the film thickness of 50 nm or less, increase in the drive voltage is suppressible.

A film thickness of the organic layer other than the emitting layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably in a typical range of several nm to 1 μm. When the film thickness is provided in the above range, defects such as pin holes caused by an excessively thinned film can be avoided while increase in the drive voltage caused by an excessively thickened film is suppressible.

According to the exemplary embodiment of the invention, a compound and an organic electroluminescence device which are capable of reducing a drive voltage can be provided.

Modifications of Embodiment(s)

It should be noted that the invention is not limited to the above exemplary embodiment but may include any modification and improvement as long as such modification and improvement are compatible with the invention.

In the exemplary embodiment, the organic EL device including the hole blocking layer between the emitting layer and the electron transporting layer containing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment is exemplarily explained. However, the arrangement of the organic EL device is not limited thereto.

For instance, an organic EL device including the emitting layer and the electron transporting layer containing the compound according to the exemplary embodiment adjacent to the emitting layer is preferable.

The emitting layer is not limited to a single layer, but may be provided by laminating a plurality of emitting layers. When the organic EL device includes the plurality of emitting layers, the plurality of emitting layers may be each independently a fluorescent emitting layer or a phosphorescent emitting layer.

Moreover, when the organic EL device includes the plurality of emitting layers, the plurality of emitting layers may be adjacent to each other, or the organic EL device may be provided in a tandem type in which a plurality of emitting units are laminated on each other via an intermediate layer.

In the organic EL device, at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex is preferably contained in an interfacial region between the cathode and the organic compound layer. With this arrangement, the organic EL device can emit light with enhanced luminance intensity and have a longer lifetime. The same as described above can be used as the electron-donating dopant and an organic metal complex.

The electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex are added to preferably form a layer or an island in the interfacial region. The electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex are preferably added by a method of depositing an organic substance (luminescent material or electron injecting material) for forming the interfacial region while simultaneously depositing at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex by resistance heating deposition, and dispersing the at least one of the electron-donating dopant and the organic metal complex in the organic substance.

In the invention, the emitting layer may also preferably contain an assistance material for assisting injection of charges. When the emitting layer is formed of a host material that exhibits a wide energy gap, a difference in ionization potential (Ip) between the host material and the hole injecting/transporting layer etc. becomes so large that injection of the holes into the emitting layer becomes difficult, which may cause a rise in a drive voltage required for providing sufficient luminance. In the above instance, introducing a hole-injectable or hole-transportable assistance material for assisting injection of charges into the emitting layer can contribute to facilitation of the injection of the holes into the emitting layer and to reduction of the drive voltage.

As the assistance substance for assisting the injection of charges, for instance, a general hole injecting/transporting material or the like can be used.

Specific examples of the assistance material for assisting the injection of charges are a triazole derivative, oxadiazole derivative, imidazole derivative, polyarylalkane derivative, pyrazoline derivative, pyrazolone derivative, phenylenediamine derivative, arylamine derivative, amino-substituted chalcone derivative, oxazole derivative, fluorenone derivative, hydrazone derivative, stilbene derivative, silazane derivative, polysilane copolymer, aniline copolymer, and conductive polymer oligomer (particularly, a thiophene oligomer).

The hole injecting material is exemplified by the above. The hole injecting material is preferably a porphyrin compound, aromatic tertiary amine compound and styryl amine compound, particularly preferably aromatic tertiary amine compound.

The organic EL device of the invention is suitably usable as a display device of a television set, a mobile phone, a personal computer and the like, or as an electronic device such as an illumination unit or a light-emitting device of a vehicle light.

EXAMPLES

Next, the invention will be described in further detail by exemplifying Example(s) and Comparative(s). However, the invention is not limited by the description of Example(s).

Synthesis Examples Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 5

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 5 is shown below.

(1-1) Synthesis of Compound 2

In order to synthesize the compound 5, a compound 2 was initially synthesized.

Under an argon gas atmosphere, 1,4-dibromobenzene (50 g, 211 mmol) was dissolved in diethylether (350 mL). The obtained solution was cooled down to 0 degree C., into which n-butyllithium (2.69M hexane solution) (72 mL, 194 mmol) was dropped for 30 minutes and was stirred for another 30 minutes. The prepared p-bromophenyllithium was dropped into a suspension of diethylether (350 mL) of 1,10-phenanthroline (15 g, 85 mmol) (compound 1) at 0 degree C. for 45 minutes and was further stirred for five hours. After the completion of the reaction, water was dropped into the reaction solution at 0 degree C. for 30 minutes. The reaction solution was extracted by dichloromethane. A solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure while leaving 200 mL of dichloromethane Manganese dioxide (150 g) was added to the obtained solution and stirred for 4.5 hours at the room temperature. Subsequently, the solution was added with magnesium sulfate and separated by filtration. The solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure. A residue was refined by silica-gel column chromatography (dichloromethane/hexane/methanol). The obtained solid was washed with methanol and then was dried under reduced pressure to provide the compound 2 (23 g, a yield of 81%) as a white solid. As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 2.

(1-2) Synthesis of Compound 3

A compound 3 (18 g, a yield of 55%) was obtained as a white solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 2 (23 g, 68 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 3.

(1-3) Synthesis of Compound 5

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) (0.7 g, 0.61 mmol) and an aqueous solution of 2M sodium carbonate (37 mL) were added to a suspension of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (200 mL) of the compound 3 (6.9 g, 12 mmol) and a compound 4 (5.7 g, 27 mmol), and heated to reflux for seven hours. After the completion of the reaction, water was added and the obtained solid was separated by filtration. Then, the obtained solid was washed with water and methanol and was dried under reduced pressure. The obtained crude product was refined by silica-gel column chromatography (dichloromethane). The obtained solid was washed with methanol and then was dried under reduced pressure to provide a compound 5 (7.2 g, a yield of 88%) as a white solid. As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 5.

(2) Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 9

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 9 is shown below.

(2-1) Synthesis of Compound 6

A compound 6 (24 g, a yield of 83%) was obtained as a yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing p-bromophenyllithium with phenyllithium (1.6M butylether solution) (139 mL, 222 mmol) and using a 2-mol equivalent of phenyllithim relative to 1,10-phenanthroline. As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 6.

(2-2) Synthesis of Compound 7

A compound 7 (12 g, a yield of 76%) was obtained as a yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 2 (10 g, 39 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 7.

(2-3) Synthesis of Compound 9

A compound 9 (1.7 g, a yield of 23%) was obtained as a white solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-3) synthesis of the compound 5 except for replacing the compound 3 with the compound 7 (6.0 g, 15 mmol) and replacing the compound 4 with the compound 8 (3.4 g, 16 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 9.

(3) Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 10

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 10 is shown below.

(3-1) Synthesis of Compound 10

A compound 10 (7.2 g, a yield of 80%) was obtained as a white solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-3) synthesis of the compound 5 except for replacing the compound 4 with the compound 8 (6.3 g, 30 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 10.

(4) Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 13

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 13 is shown below.

(4-1) Synthesis of Compound 12

A compound 12 (6.5 g, a yield of 67%) was obtained as a yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 11 (17 g, 69 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 12.

(4-2) Synthesis of Compound 13

A compound 13 (2.1 g, a yield of 22%) was obtained as a light yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 12 (6.5 g, 19 mmol) and replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 11 (12 g, 47 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 13.

(4A) Synthesis Example 4A: Synthesis of Compound 1C

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 1 is shown below.

A compound 1C was synthesized according to the above scheme by the same method as in synthesis of the compound 13 except for replacing the compound 11 with 2-dibromobenzofuran.

(4B) Synthesis Example 4B: Synthesis of Compound 1D

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 1 is shown below.

A compound 1D was synthesized according to the above scheme by the same method as in synthesis of the compound 13 except for replacing the compound 11 with 2,8-dibromodibenzofuran.

(5) Synthesis Example 5: Synthesis of Compound 16

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 16 is shown below.

A compound 16 (8.6 g, a yield of 83%) was obtained as a white solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-3) synthesis of the compound 5 except for replacing the compound 3 with the compound 14 (5.0 g, 15 mmol) and replacing the compound 4 with the compound 15 (9.9 g, 33 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 16.

(6) Synthesis Example 6: Synthesis of Compound 19

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 19 is shown below.

(6-1) Synthesis of Compound 17

A compound 17 (13 g, a yield of 86%) was obtained as a white solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-3) synthesis of the compound 5 except for replacing the compound 3 with the compound 14 (10 g, 30 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 17.

(6-2) Synthesis of Compound 18

A compound 18 (9.6 g, a yield of 56%) was obtained as a yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 17 (13 g, 25 mmol) and replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 11 (16 g, 6 3 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 18.

(6-3) Synthesis of Compound 19

A compound 19 (3.2 g, a yield of 27%) was obtained as a light yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 18 (9.6 g, 14 mmol) and replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 11 (8.7 g, 35 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 19.

(7) Synthesis Example 7: Synthesis of Compound 22

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 22 is shown below.

(7-1) Synthesis of Compound 22

A compound 22 (6.5 g, a yield of 63%) was obtained as a white solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-3) synthesis of the compound 5 except for replacing the compound 3 with the compound 20 (5.0 g, 15 mmol) and replacing the compound 4 with the compound 21 (9.9 g, 33 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 22.

(8) Synthesis Example 8: Synthesis of Compound 26

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 26 is shown below.

(8-1) Synthesis of Compound 23

A compound 23 (13 g, a yield of 89%) was obtained as a white solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-3) synthesis of the compound 5 except for replacing the compound 3 with the compound 20 (10 g, 30 mmol) and replacing the compound 4 with the compound 8 (16 g, 65 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 23.

(8-2) Synthesis of Compound 25

A compound 25 (6.2 g, a yield of 36%) was obtained as a yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 23 (13 g, 25 mmol) and replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 24 (16 g, 6 3 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 25.

(8-3) Synthesis of Compound 26

A compound 26 (2.1 g, a yield of 27%) was obtained as a light yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 25 (6.2 g, 9.1 mmol) and replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 24 (5.6 g, 23 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 26.

(9) Synthesis Example 9: Synthesis of Compound 29

(9-1) Synthesis of Compound 28

A compound 28 (7.6 g, a yield of 98%) was obtained as a brown oily product in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 6 (4.0 g, 16 mmol) and replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 27 (10 g, 31 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 28.

(9-2) Synthesis of Compound 29

A compound 29 (4.9 g, a yield of 48%) was obtained as a light yellow solid in the same synthesizing method as in the above (1-1) synthesis of the compound 2 except for replacing the compound 1 with the compound 6 (4.7 g, 18 mmol) and replacing 1,4-dibromobenzene with the compound 28 (7.6 g, 15 mmol). As a result of FD-MS (Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry) analysis, the reactant was identified as the compound 29.

(9A) Synthesis Example 9A: Synthesis of Compound 1A

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 1A is shown below.

(9A-1) Synthesis of Compound T1

Under an argon gas atmosphere, p-(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-yl)bromobenzene (15.4 g, 56.8 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL). The obtained solution was cooled down to −78 degrees C., into which t-butyllithium (1.3M hexane solution) (45.9 mL, 59.6 mmol) was dropped for 20 minutes and was further stirred for two hours. Subsequently, the solution was heated up to 0 degree C., to which a solution provided by dissolving 1,10-phenanthroline (10.2 g, 56.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added and stirred for eight hours at the room temperature. After the completion of the reaction, water (80 mL) was added at 0 degree C. The reaction solution was extracted by dichloromethane. The obtained solution was added with manganese dioxide (60 g) and stirred for four hours at the room temperature. Subsequently, the solution was dried with magnesium sulfate to distill the solvent under reduced pressure. A residue was refined by silica-gel column chromatography to obtain a compound T1 (8.41 g, a yield of 40%).

(9A-2) Synthesis of Compound T2

The compound T1 (8.30 g, 22.4 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (500 mL), to which hydrochloric acid (5% aqueous solution) (125 mL, 200 mmol) was added and stirred for 15 hours at 50 degrees C. Subsequently, the solid formed after the reaction was dissolved in a mixture of water and dichloromethane and neutralized by an aqueous solution of sodium acid carbonate. The obtained solution was extracted by dichloromethane and then was dried with magnesium sulfate. The solvent was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a compound T2 (5.99 g, a yield of 94%).

(1-3) Synthesis of Compound T3

Under an argon gas atmosphere, ethanol (50 mL) was added to the compound T2 (5.80 g, 20.4 mmol), 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyacetophenone (5.67 g, 20.4 mmol), sodium methoxide (110 mg, 2.04 mmol). The obtained solution was stirred for two hours at the room temperature and for three hours at a reflux temperature. Subsequently, benzamidine hydrochloride (3.29 g, 21.0 mmol) and sodium hydroxide were added and stirred for three hours at the reflux temperature. After the completion of the reaction, a precipitated substance was separated by filtration and washed with water and methanol to obtain a compound T3 (7.75 g, a yield of 38%).

(1-4) Synthesis of Compound 1A

Under an argon gas atmosphere, 4-(2-dibenzofuranyl)phenylboronic acid (4.92 g, 17.1 mmol), the compound T3 (5.00 g, 7.76 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (896 mg, 0.776 mmol), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (100 mL), an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate (2M, 100 mL) were mixed and stirred for six hours while being heated to reflux. After the reaction solution was cooled down to the room temperature, the reaction solution was extracted with toluene. After an aqueous phase was removed, an organic layer was washed with saturated saline. After the organic phase was dried with magnesium sulfate and concentrated, the obtained residue was refined by silica-gel column chromatography to obtain the compound 1A (3.77 g, a yield of 50%). As a result of mass analysis, the obtained compound was a target object, and that m/e was equal to 970 while a molecular weight was 971.13.

(2) Synthesis of Compound 1B

A synthesis scheme of the following compound 1B is shown below.

Synthesis according to this scheme was conducted with reference to Examples described in Japanese Patent No. 5113571. As a result of mass analysis, the obtained compound was a target object, and that m/e was equal to 575 while a molecular weight was 575.67.

Example 1

(1) Manufacture of Organic EL Device

A glass substrate (size: 25 mm×75 mm×0.7 mm thick, manufactured by Geomatec Co., Ltd.) having an ITO transparent electrode (anode) was ultrasonic-cleaned in isopropyl alcohol for five minutes, and then UV/ozone-cleaned for 30 minutes.

After the glass substrate having the transparent electrode line was cleaned, the glass substrate was mounted on a substrate holder of a vacuum evaporation apparatus. Initially, the following compound HT-1 was evaporated so as to cover the transparent electrode line, thereby forming a 50-nm thick HT-1 film of the following compound HT-1. The HT-1 film serves as a hole injecting layer. Subsequently, the following compound HT-2 was evaporated on the HT-1 film to form a 45-nm thick HT-2 film on the HT-1 film. The HT-2 film serves as a hole transporting layer.

The following compound BH-1 (host material) and the following compound BD-1 (dopant material) were co-evaporated on the HT-2 film at a film thickness ratio of the compound BD-1 being 3 mass %, thereby forming a 20-nm thick organic layer. The organic layer serves as an emitting layer. The compound 5 and lithium (Li) were evaporated on the emitting layer at the film thickness ratio of Li being 2 mass %, thereby forming a 30-nm thick electron transporting layer on the emitting layer. Metal (Al) was evaporated on the electron transporting layer to form an 80-nm thick metal cathode, thereby providing the organic EL device.

(2) Evaluation of Organic EL Device

A voltage was applied on the organic EL devices such that a current density was 10 mA/cm², where a value (V) of the voltage was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

Examples 2 to 3 and Comparative 1

Organic EL devices were manufactured by the same method as in Example 1 except for replacing the compound 5 with the compound 9 (Example 2), the compound 10 (Example 3) and the following compound ET-1 (Comparative 1) to form the respective electron transporting layers, and were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Electron transporting layer Drive voltage (V) Example 1 Compound 5 3.4 Example 2 Compound 9 3.2 Example 3 Compound 10 3.5 Comparative 1 Compound ET-1 3.7

Examples 4 to 8 and Comparative 2

An organic EL device in Example 4 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 1 except for changing the amount of lithium doped when forming the electron transporting layer to 5 mass %.

Organic EL devices of Example 5 to 8 and Comparative 2 were manufactured by the same method as in Example 1 except for changing the amount of lithium doped when forming the electron transporting layer to 5 mass % and replacing the compound 5 used for the electron transporting layer with the compound 9 (Example 5), the compound 13 (Example 6), the compound 1C (Example 7), the compound 1D (Example 8) and the following compound ET-2 (Comparative 2).

The manufactured organic EL devices were driven by direct-current electricity (50 mA/cm²) at the room temperature to emit light, and time elapsed until luminance was reduced to 80% was measured, whereby lifetime (80% LT) was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.

Voltage was applied on each of the manufactured organic EL devices such that a current density was 10 mA/cm², where spectral radiance spectrum was measured by a spectroradiometer CS-1000 (manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc.). The external quantum efficiency EQE (unit: %) was calculated based on the obtained spectral-radiance spectra, assuming that the spectra was provided under a Lambertian radiation. The results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 Electron Lifetime External Emis- transporting (80% LT) quantum sion layer (hr) efficiency (%) color Example 4 Compound 5 350 7.41 blue Example 5 Compound 9 290 7.10 blue Example 6 Compound 13 230 7.51 blue Example 7 Compound 1C 320 7.09 blue Example 8 Compound 1D 310 7.52 blue Comparative 2 Compound ET-2 220 7.21 blue

Table 2 shows that lifetime of the organic EL devices can be prolonged by using the compounds of the invention. In comparison with the compound (ET-2) used in Comparative 2, the organic EL devices using the derivative in which phenanthroline is combined with dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene operate for a longer lifetime. Moreover, in comparison between the organic EL devices in Example 8 and Comparative 2, the organic EL device using the derivative in which phenanthroline is combined with dibenzofuran operates for a longer lifetime at a higher efficiency.

Further, as understood from comparison between the organic EL devices in Examples 6 and 7, the organic EL device using phenanthroline having dibenzofuran substituted at the position 4 (compound 13) exhibits a higher efficiency and the organic EL device using phenanthroline having dibenzofuran substituted at the position 2 (compound 1C) operates for a longer lifetime. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound represented by formula (1),

where: X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent a carbon atom bonded to a group represented by formula (2), CR^(X), or a nitrogen atom; at least one of X¹ to X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to a group represented by formula (2); each R^(X) is independently selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; and among X¹ to X⁸, adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other;

where: b is an integer of 1 to 5; c is an integer of 1 to 8; Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom; when b is 2 to 5, plural Z are the same or different; when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent R^(X) as defined in formula (1), and R⁹ and R¹⁰ are optionally bonded to the structure represented by formula (1); when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are not bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure; L is a single bond or a linking group; the linking group is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; the polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L is a group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from a phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1), a pyrroyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a furyl group, a benzofuranyl group, an isobenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a thienyl group, and a group formed based on a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, a triazine ring, an indole ring, a quinoline ring, a pyrrolidine ring, a dioxane ring, a piperidine ring, a morpholine ring, a piperazine ring, a carbazole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an oxazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, a thiazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, a benzothiazole ring, a triazole ring, an imidazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, a pyran ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a benzo[c]dibenzofuran ring, or a silafluorene ring; when c is 2 to 8, plural L are the same or different; Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y), or a carbon atom bonded to L; each R^(Y) is a hydrogen atom; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), h is 1, Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and c is 2, the L closer to the phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1) is a divalent group other than an anthracene group; when two of X¹ to X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b and c are 1, both of Z are sulfur atoms, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, L is bonded to any one of X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, Y⁴ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a phenyl group; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y⁶ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, Y⁵ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a phenyl group; when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Y² is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁷ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a pyrenyl group; and when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Y⁷ is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, Y² is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a pyrenyl group.
 2. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 3. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹ and X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 4. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X³ and X⁶ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 5. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X² or X⁷ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 6. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X³ or X⁶ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 7. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 8. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹ and X⁷ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 9. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹ and X⁷ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 10. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹, X⁷, and X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 11. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹, X³, X⁶, and X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2).
 12. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by formula (1-1),

where: A2 and A3 each independently represent a structure represented by formula (1); c₁ is an integer of 1 to 8; c₂ is an integer of 1 to 8; L₁ and L₂ each independently represent L as defined in formula (2); and Y¹ to Y⁸, Z, b, and X¹ to X⁸ are as defined in formulae (1) and (2).
 13. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
 14. The compound according to claim 1, wherein Z is an oxygen atom.
 15. The compound according to claim 1, wherein c is an integer of 1 to
 5. 16. The compound according to claim 1, wherein adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are not bonded to each other.
 17. The compound according to claim 1, wherein X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2) or CR^(X).
 18. The compound according to claim 1, wherein the substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms is a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms.
 19. The compound according to claim 1, wherein neither X⁴ nor X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group of formula (2).
 20. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 12 ring atoms.
 21. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to ring atoms.
 22. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group.
 23. The compound according to claim 1, wherein L is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group.
 24. An organic electroluminescence device comprising: an anode; a cathode opposed to the anode; and an organic compound layer provided between the anode and the cathode; wherein; the organic compound layer comprises an emitting layer and an electron transporting layer provided between the emitting layer and the cathode; and the electron transporting layer comprises a compound represented by the formula) as defined in claim
 1. 25. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 24, further comprising a blocking layer between the electron transporting layer and the emitting layer.
 26. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 24, wherein the electron transporting layer is adjacent to the emitting layer.
 27. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 24, wherein the electron transporting layer comprises at least one of an electron-donating dopant and an organic metal complex.
 28. An electronic device comprising the organic electroluminescence device according to claim
 24. 29. A compound represented by the following formula (1),

where: X¹ to X⁸ each independently represent a carbon atom bonded to a group represented by the following formula (2), CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom; two or more of X¹ to X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to a group represented by formula (2); each R^(X) is independently selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; and among X¹ to X⁸, adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other;

where: b is an integer of 1 to 5; c is an integer of 1 to 8; Z is an oxygen atom; a sulfur atom or a silicon atom; when b is 2 to 5, plural Z are the same or different; when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent R^(X) as defined in formula (1), and R⁹ and R¹⁰ are optionally bonded to the structure represented by formula (1); when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are not bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure; L is a single bond or a linking group; the linking group is a substituted, or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; the polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L is a group selected from a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from a phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1), a pyrrolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridinyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a furyl group, a benzofuranyl group, an isobenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrydinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a thienyl group, and a group based on a pyridine ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyridazine ring, a triazine ring, an indole ring, a quinoline ring, a pyrrolidine ring, a dioxane ring, a piperidine ring, a morpholine ring, a piperazine ring, a carbazole ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an oxazole ring, an oxadiazole ring, a benzoxazole ring, a thiazole ring, a thiadiazole ring, a benzothiazole ring, a triazole ring, an imidazole ring, a benzimidazole ring, a pyran ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a benzo[c]dibenzofuran ring, or a silafluorene ring; when c is 2 to 8, plural L are the same or different; Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y), or a carbon atom bonded to L; each R^(Y) is independently selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; the heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for R^(Y) comprises a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1); adjacent R^(Y) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b is 1, Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and c is 2, the L closer to the phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1) is a divalent group other than an anthracene group; when two of X¹ to X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b and c are 1, both of Z are sulfur atoms, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, L is bonded to any one of X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, Y⁴ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a phenyl group; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y⁶ is a carbon atom bonded to L, and L is a p-phenylene group, Y⁵ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a phenyl group; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Z is a silicon atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Y⁶ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being the phenanthrolyl group of the heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms in CR^(Y) for Y⁶, R^(Y) bonds to C at a position other than position 2 of the phenanthrolyl group; when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Y² is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁷ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a pyrenyl group; and when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Y⁷ is a carbon atom bonded to L, L is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, Y² is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a pyrenyl group.
 30. The compound according to claim 29, wherein Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
 31. The compound according to claim 29, wherein L is a single bond, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 12 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to ring atoms.
 32. The compound according to claim 29, wherein L is a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene group.
 33. An organic electroluminescence device comprising: an anode; a cathode opposed to the anode; and an organic compound layer provided between the anode and the cathode; wherein; the organic compound layer comprises an emitting layer and an electron transporting layer provided between the emitting layer and the cathode; and the electron transporting layer comprises a compound represented by the formula (1) as defined in claim
 29. 34. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 33, further comprising a blocking layer between the electron transporting layer and the emitting layer.
 35. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 33, wherein the electron transporting layer is adjacent to the emitting layer.
 36. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 33, wherein the electron transporting layer comprises at least one of an electron-donating dopant and an organic metal complex.
 37. An electronic device comprising the organic electroluminescence device according to claim
 33. 38. A compound represented by the following formula (1-1),

where: A2 and A3 each independently represent a structure represented by formula (1); c₁ is an integer of 1 to 8; c₂ is an integer of 1 to 8; L₁ and L₂ each independently represent a single bond or a linking group; the linking group is a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; the polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for L₁ and L₂ comprises a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent group derived from a phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1); when c is 2 to 8, plural L₁ and L₂ are the same or different; Y¹ to Y⁸ each independently represent a nitrogen atom, CR^(Y), or a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂; each R^(Y) is each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; the heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms for R^(Y) comprises a substituted or unsubstituted phenanthrolyl group derived from the phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1); adjacent R^(Y) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other Z is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a silicon atom; when b is 2 to 5, plural Z are the same or different; when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are bonded to the silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ each independently represent R^(X) as defined in formula (1), and R⁹ and R¹⁰ are optionally bonded to the structure represented by formula (1); when Z is a silicon atom, R⁹ and R¹⁰ are not bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure; b is an integer of 1 to 5;

where: at least one of X¹ to X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂ of the formula (1-1); X¹ to X⁸ not bonded to L₁ or L₂ each independently represent CR^(X) or a nitrogen atom; each R^(X) is each independently selected from the group consisting of: a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, a substituted or unsubstituted hydroxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted boryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phosphino group, a substituted or unsubstituted mercapto group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a substituted or unsubstituted silyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms; and among X¹ to X⁸, adjacent R^(X) of CR^(X) are bonded to each other to form a cyclic structure, or are not bonded to each other; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b is 1, Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂, and c is 2, the L₁ or L₂ closer to the phenanthroline ring represented by formula (1) is a divalent group other than an anthracene group; when two of X¹ to X⁸ are carbon atoms bonded to the group represented by formula (2), band c are 1, both of Z are sulfur atoms, Y⁴ or Y⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or and L₁ or L₂ is a p-phenylene group, L₁ or L₂ is bonded to any one of X¹, X², X⁴, X⁵, X⁷ and X⁸, when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), b and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂, and L₁ or L₂ is a p-phenylene group, Y⁴ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a phenyl group; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), h and c are 1, Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, Y⁶ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂, and L₁ or L₂ is a p-phenylene group, Y⁵ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a phenyl group; when X¹ or X⁸ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Z is a silicon atom, Y³ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂, L₁ or L₂ is a single bond, and Y⁶ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being the phenanthrolyl group of the heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms in CR^(Y) for Y⁶, R^(Y) bonds to C at a position other than position 2 of the phenanthrolyl group; when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Y² is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂, L₁ or L₂ is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom, Y⁷ is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other than a pyrenyl group; and when X⁴ or X⁵ is a carbon atom bonded to the group represented by formula (2), Y⁷ is a carbon atom bonded to L₁ or L₂, L₁ or L₂ is a single bond, and Z is an oxygen atom; Y² is CR^(Y), R^(Y) being a group other a pyrenyl group.
 39. The compound according to claim 38, wherein Z is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
 40. The compound according to claim 38, wherein the adjacent R^(Y) are not bonded with each other.
 41. The compound according to claim 38, wherein L₁ and L₂ are single bonds, or substituted or unsubstituted phenylene.
 42. The compound according to claim 38, wherein L₁ and L₂ are single bonds.
 43. An organic electroluminescence device comprising: an anode; a cathode opposed to the anode; and an organic compound layer provided between the anode and the cathode; wherein; the organic compound layer comprises an emitting layer and an electron transporting layer provided between the emitting layer and the cathode; and the electron transporting layer comprises a compound represented by the formula (1-1) as defined in claim
 38. 44. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 43, further comprising a blocking layer between the electron transporting layer and the emitting layer.
 45. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 43, wherein the electron transporting layer is adjacent to the emitting layer.
 46. The organic electroluminescence device according to claim 43, wherein the electron transporting layer comprises at least one of an electron-donating dopant and an organic metal complex.
 47. An electronic device comprising the organic electroluminescence device according to claim
 43. 48. The compound according to claim 1, wherein, when L is a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms, the polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is selected from a furyl group, a benzofuranyl group, an isobenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a thienyl group, and a group based on a dioxane ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyran ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a benzo[c]dibenzofuran ring, or a silafluorene ring.
 49. The compound according to claim 1, wherein, when L is a linking group, the linking group is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms.
 50. The compound according to claim 29, wherein, when L is a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms, the polyvalent heteroaryl group having 5 to 40 ring atoms is selected from a furyl group, a benzofuranyl group, an isobenzofuranyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a thienyl group, and a group based on a dioxane ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, a pyran ring, a dibenzofuran ring, a benzo[c]dibenzofuran ring, or a silafluorene ring.
 51. The compound according to claim 29, wherein, when L is a linking group, the linking group is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted, linear, branched or cyclic polyvalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted polyvalent aryl group having 6 to 40 ring carbon atoms. 